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  1. You cannot include any spaces after the second EOF (or else it won’t signal the end of the file).
  2. You can use BASH variables, for example $PWD inside the script, but they will be expanded. If you want the script to dynamically dereference a BASH variable, you should escape the dollar sign with a backslash (`\\$`).

Once your reader knows about the cat trick, or if they are a Linux expert already, then you can easily share elaborate installation procedures with them. Our group uses it extensievly when sharing instructions with our users.

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While there are many different python packaging systems (for example pipenv and poetry), we focus exclusively on venv and conda, with a strong preference for using venv whenever possible, because it is the simplest method. Nevertheless, many different packages are exclusively distributed on conda channels, so users are encouraged to use their discretion when deciding between these two options.

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Before installing R packages, it can be useful to see if it’s already available. Imagine you are looking for ggplot2. You can use the Lmod system to find it:

No Format
module spider ggplot2
module load r/4.4.1 r-ggplot2

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